{"id":2176,"date":"2019-04-02T21:51:30","date_gmt":"2019-04-03T01:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/?p=2176"},"modified":"2024-04-12T18:33:53","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T22:33:53","slug":"all-about-advanced-video-audio-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/all-about-advanced-video-audio-techniques.html","title":{"rendered":"All About Advanced Video Audio Techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, we&#8217;re tackling all the <a href=\"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/videos\/all-about-advanced-video-audio-techniques\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advanced audio techniques<\/a> that separate great audio from the merely good. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/video_category\/audio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How To Video: Audio series<\/a> host Nick LaClair is joined by professional audio technician, Mike Infante. Together, they&#8217;ll walk you through perfecting your mic placement, different mic pickup patterns, and dual recording systems. Make sure your videos sound as good as they look with this in-depth tutorial.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Advanced Audio Tutorial<\/h2>\n<p>In this episode, we&#8217;re going deeper into selecting the right microphone, and placing it with your subject. We&#8217;re also going to address ways you can prevent common audio issues, like clipping or distortion. Finally, we&#8217;ll cover why dual system audio recording might be worth your while, and how to use the gear required.<\/p>\n<p>Once again, we looped in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm3525560\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mike Infante<\/a>, who you might recognize from our last audio episode where he helped us cover <a href=\"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/three-essential-mic-setups-when-to-use-them.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">when to use which popular type of mic<\/a>. He&#8217;s an expert production sound mixer from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lakhotafilm.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lakhota Film<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"sproutvideo-player\" src=\"https:\/\/videos.sproutvideo.com\/embed\/7c9ad1b4131be2c2f4\/236a49fc860c01f2\" width=\"630\" height=\"354\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>As you can see, there is a lot more to great sounding audio than choosing the right mic. Keep reading for a deep dive into each part of the process.<\/p>\n<h2>Boom Mic Placement and Types<\/h2>\n<p>Proper positioning of your boom mic is the first and easiest way to help ensure your mic clearly captures your speaker\u2019s vocalizations.<\/p>\n<p>To begin, set up the mic directly in front of your speaker. Angle your boom mic towards them at a 45 degree angle, and as close to them as possible without actually having the boom mic in the shot. The 45 degree angle affords your speaker the ability to move around a bit as they speak without sacrificing your audio\u2019s consistency.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2201\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/45-degree-angle.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1052\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/45-degree-angle.png 1052w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/45-degree-angle-800x447.png 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/45-degree-angle-768x429.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1052px) 100vw, 1052px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>As a reminder, when you hear \u201cboom mic\u201d, all that really tells you is that you have a mic on a boom. The actual mic in use will vary according to your needs. Two commonly used boom mics are shotgun microphones and cardioid microphones.<\/p>\n<h3>Shotgun Microphones<\/h3>\n<p>One of the most popular boom mics you\u2019ll encounter is the shotgun microphone. This is the longer, directional microphone we discussed in <a href=\"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/three-essential-mic-setups-when-to-use-them.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">our last audio series post<\/a>.\u00a0It\u2019s a great all-purpose tool.<\/p>\n<p>Shotgun mics are popular because they can be positioned farther from your subject than other types of mics. And therefore perform well in a wider range of circumstances than other mics.<\/p>\n<p>This has to do with their pickup pattern, also known as a polar pattern. Shotgun mics mainly capture sounds from directly in front of them, though they also pick up some sound from the rear and the sides.\u00a0Depending on what you&#8217;re filming, they make a solid choice for many types of shoots.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2227\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shotgunmic.jpg\" alt=\"Shotgun Mic Polar Pattern\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shotgunmic.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shotgunmic-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shotgunmic-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shotgunmic-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/shotgunmic-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Limitations<\/h4>\n<p>Although this type of mic can be really versatile, it does not perform as well \u201coff-axis.\u201d Meaning, if your subject shifts to either side while speaking (versus speaking directly at it as you initially positioned it), you\u2019re going to notice the inconsistency in your audio. This may not matter for your shoot, but if it does, it can simply be something for you and your speaker to keep in mind while shooting<\/p>\n<h3>Hypercardioid Microphones<\/h3>\n<p>The other microphone you\u2019ll see used on a boom is a hypercardioid microphone, a type of cardioid microphone. Cardioid microphones are named for their heart-shaped polar pattern. A hypercardioid mic is most sensitive in the front, and reduces noise coming in from the sides and rear.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2231\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hypercardioid-mic.jpg\" alt=\"Hypercardioid microphone polar pattern\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hypercardioid-mic.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hypercardioid-mic-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hypercardioid-mic-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hypercardioid-mic-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/hypercardioid-mic-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>As a boom mic, cardioid microphones capture clear, rich sound, with minimal noise from the room.\u00a0The mic&#8217;s proximity to your speaker will determine how much space they have to move around without affecting its ability to pick up the sound of their voice consistently. Still, its polar pattern allows more wiggle room than the shotgun mic.<\/p>\n<p>For all those reasons, it&#8217;s the mic of choice for most professional audio technicians for indoor shoots, especially for vocal or speech purposes.<\/p>\n<h2>Levels and Limiters<\/h2>\n<p>Microphones are only part of the puzzle. Once you&#8217;ve got the right mic in the right place, there&#8217;s still more to be done to ensure you&#8217;re capturing the best audio possible.\u00a0That&#8217;s where levelers and limiters come in to play.<\/p>\n<h3>Levels<\/h3>\n<p>Audio levels are balanced by adjusting the gain on your recorder. It\u2019s important to set your levels so the audio doesn\u2019t clip and distort. Clipping (or peaking) occurs when your audio suddenly increases in volume, and becomes distorted.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2235\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Leveler.jpg\" alt=\"Tracking Audio Levels on Leveler\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Leveler.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Leveler-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Leveler-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Leveler-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Leveler-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s better to err on the side of caution and set your levels slightly lower than you might want to use in the end. You can always bring them up in post, but you can\u2019t save audio that is too loud and clips (or distorts). Mike often sets his levels so the audio spikes at -18 dB.<\/p>\n<h3>Limiter<\/h3>\n<p>A limiter works differently to help you control your audio range. True to its name, a limiter will limit the level of a signal to a certain threshold by lowering the gain automatically. As mentioned above, peaks or clips in sound can distort your audio. That won\u2019t happen if you set your limiter threshold properly.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2236\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Limiter.jpg\" alt=\"Limiter for Video Audio\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Limiter.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Limiter-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Limiter-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Limiter-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Limiter-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Dual System Audio<\/h2>\n<p>Recording your audio separately from your video and syncing them later is known as dual system audio. Why would anyone want to go through the extra steps to record separately? As Mike explains in our video, the benefits mainly come down to having more advanced audio options and better audio control.<\/p>\n<p>In a typical setup, you&#8217;d have your camera and microphone(s) positioned just as you normally would. With dual system audio, however, the microphones record to a separate audio recorder.<\/p>\n<p>Simple enough, right? Here are the details on how to set up a dual system.<\/p>\n<h3>Gear Needed<\/h3>\n<p>Other than your camera and microphone(s), you need an external recorder to capture your audio. You might also want a slate, depending on how you plan to sync your audio (more on that below).<\/p>\n<p>External recorders offer specific advantages over recording to camera.<\/p>\n<p>First, they typically have more inputs, which allow you to record more microphones simultaneously.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, most external recorders come with higher quality preamplifiers that provide a clearer signal with less low ambient noise. They range from the simple and affordable:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2237\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/zoom-recorder.jpg\" alt=\"Zoom Mixer Recorder Types\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/zoom-recorder.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/zoom-recorder-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/zoom-recorder-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/zoom-recorder-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/zoom-recorder-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To the powerful and expensive:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2238\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/premixer.jpg\" alt=\"Examples of Preamplifier Types\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/premixer.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/premixer-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/premixer-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/premixer-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/premixer-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>These dual system recording devices can be costly, though there are reasonably-priced options available as well.<\/p>\n<h3>Syncing Your Audio<\/h3>\n<p>If you decide to record with a dual system, there are three ways for you to sync your audio to your video.<\/p>\n<h4>Timecode<\/h4>\n<p>The easiest way is to sync is with timecode, which literally aligns the clock in your mixer with the clock in your camera. While this is the easiest way to sync, it\u2019s only going to be available in more expensive camera and mixer options.<\/p>\n<h4>Software and Audio Waves<\/h4>\n<p>The second approach is to sync the files on your camera and the files on your mixer using software that matches their audio waves. Most popular video editing programs, such as Premiere, can sync audio and video using audio.<\/p>\n<p>This process is straightforward if your camera\u2019s \u201cscratch\u201d or \u201creference\u201d audio is similar or identical to the audio from your recorder. However, when you\u2019re recording something far away from your camera, the audio files might not match well enough to sync.<\/p>\n<p>If you worry this may happen on your shoot because you know you\u2019ll be recording far away from your subject, keep in mind that an easy way to combat this is to send an audio output from your external recorder back into your camera so they match.<\/p>\n<h4>Slate<\/h4>\n<p>The third way to sync is to slate.\u00a0Yep, the old classic is still used today. All you need is a sound you can see and hear happening so you know exactly where to line up your audio and video.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can use a clapboard (pictured in the video) or just clap your hands.\u00a0<\/span>That\u2019s about as simple &#8211; and as inexpensive &#8211; as it gets when it comes to dual system recording synchronization.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2239\" src=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/clapper.jpg\" alt=\"example of a clapper for syncing audio\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/clapper.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/clapper-850x478.jpg 850w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/clapper-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/clapper-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d9pfvpeevxz0y.cloudfront.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/clapper-1200x675.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Just as we explained in our <a href=\"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/three-essential-mic-setups-when-to-use-them.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first audio series post<\/a>, more expensive gear is going to make your job easier. Still, to capture decent audio, you really only need to employ the basics: proper mic choice, and mic placement.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019ve made it this far in the post and watched the video above a couple times, you are well on your way to accomplishing better audio. A huge thank you to Mike Infante for sharing his insights with us!<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Be sure to check back for the third post in this audio series where we\u2019ll give you some post-production tips and tricks for making the most of your audio during the editing phase. Of course, we\u2019re always listening in the Comments and on Twitter <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sproutvideo\">@sproutvideo<\/a> if you have any questions about what we\u2019ve covered today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\"><\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\">6<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">MIN TO READ<\/span><\/span> Today, we&#8217;re tackling all the advanced audio techniques that separate great audio from the merely good. Our How To Video: Audio series host Nick LaClair is joined by professional audio technician, Mike Infante. Together, they&#8217;ll walk you through perfecting your mic placement, different mic pickup patterns, and dual recording systems. Make sure your videos sound as good as they look&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3523,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_eb_attr":""},"categories":[25,41],"tags":[39],"feature":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>All About Advanced Video Audio Techniques | SproutVideo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Advanced video audio techniques and equipment you can use to optimize your video\u2019s sound quality in addition to the mic configurations we already shared with you.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sproutvideo.com\/blog\/all-about-advanced-video-audio-techniques.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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